Seasonal Affective Disorder: What Are the Signs and Symptoms?

The first sign might not be sadness.

Maybe you’re sleeping more than usual. You’re exhausted despite getting plenty of rest. You don’t feel like seeing friends. Or you’re suddenly craving foods you normally don’t think much about.

When these changes appear around the same time each year, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) may be worth considering.

SAD is a type of depression characterized by a recurring seasonal pattern. Most commonly, symptoms begin in late fall or early winter and improve during spring and summer.

Common Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder

SAD can involve many of the same symptoms associated with depression, including:

  • Persistent sadness or low mood
  • Losing interest in activities you normally enjoy
  • Low energy or fatigue
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Feelings of hopelessness, guilt, or worthlessness
  • Changes in sleep
  • Changes in appetite or weight
  • Withdrawing from friends and family

Not everyone experiences every symptom.

Winter SAD Can Look a Little Different

Winter-pattern SAD has some additional symptoms that may be particularly noticeable.

You might:

  • Sleep significantly more than usual
  • Experience increased appetite
  • Crave carbohydrates
  • Gain weight
  • Feel sluggish
  • Want to stay home and avoid social activities

That desire to “hibernate” during the winter isn’t necessarily just a personality preference. When it occurs alongside significant changes in mood and functioning, it can be a sign that something more is going on.

Is SAD the Same as the Winter Blues?

Not necessarily.

Many people feel less energetic or motivated during darker, colder months. That’s sometimes called the winter blues.

SAD is more significant. Symptoms tend to be persistent and can interfere with work, relationships, daily activities, and overall quality of life.

A mental health professional can help determine whether your symptoms are consistent with SAD or another form of depression.

Does SAD Only Happen in Winter?

No.

Winter-pattern SAD is more common, but some people experience a seasonal pattern of depression during spring and summer instead.

Summer-pattern SAD may involve symptoms such as difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, anxiety, agitation, and irritability.

What Can Help With SAD?

Treatment depends on the individual. Options may include psychotherapy, light therapy, medication, or a combination of treatments.

Simple habits can also support your mental health during seasonal changes, including maintaining a regular sleep schedule, getting outside during daylight, staying physically active, and maintaining social connections.

If you notice the same pattern returning every year, don’t wait until your symptoms become overwhelming to address it.

Therapy for Seasonal Depression in Durham, NC

At Carolina Counseling Services, our contracted therapists help individuals navigate depression, anxiety, seasonal mood changes, stress, and other mental health concerns.

Therapy can provide a supportive place to understand your symptoms, identify patterns, and develop strategies for managing seasonal changes in mood and energy.

Providers are in network with many major insurance plans, including Aetna, Aetna State Health Plan, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina (Blue Cross NC), Tricare, Medicaid, Medicare, and many additional insurance plans.

If fall and winter seem to bring the same changes in your mood every year, you don’t have to simply wait for spring to feel like yourself again. Reach out today to get started! 

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the most common symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Common symptoms include persistent low mood, loss of interest, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, changes in sleep or appetite, and social withdrawal. Winter-pattern SAD may also involve oversleeping, increased appetite, carbohydrate cravings, and weight gain.

How long does Seasonal Affective Disorder last?

SAD follows a seasonal pattern, with symptoms typically lasting several months. Winter-pattern symptoms generally begin in late fall or early winter and improve during spring and summer.

Can therapy help with Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Yes. Psychotherapy is one of the established treatment options for SAD and can help people develop healthier coping strategies, address negative thought patterns, and maintain meaningful activities during difficult seasons.

Related Articles:

Seasonal Affective Disorder Is Treatable

Seasonal Affective Disorder: What It Can Look Like Through the Seasons

Are You At Greater Risk for Seasonal Affective Disorder?